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There is a daily cycle of changes within the body, which is responsible for the regulation of sleeping, waking up, hormonal secretion, activity of organs and systems, etc. This process is known as the circadian rhythm. It depends greatly on external conditions, especially on light and darkness. Knowing how these factors affect a person’s internal clock will be helpful for understanding some aspects of health and sleep.

Insulin resistance has an impact on the body’s ability to process glucose. Insulin resistance develops when cells within muscle, fat and the liver do not respond appropriately to insulin, a hormone that allows glucose to enter the cells to be used as energy. Consequently, the body compensates for the reduction in sensitivity to glucose by producing more insulin. This increase in the amount of insulin produced can eventually disrupt the body’s normal metabolic balance.

Human functioning comprises many intricate systems. For example, the nervous system has numerous types of signaling systems providing communication between the brain and the body. Neurotransmitters are part of this complex signaling system and function as chemical messengers that facilitate the transfer of information from one neuron to another by way of chemical transmission, or via Synaptic Transmission. The right combination of neurotransmitters is necessary for all fluids, cells and organs in the human body to work together and achieve balance (homeostasis).

Metabolic syndrome refers to a combination of various medical conditions which increase one’s risk of developing cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and other long-term medical conditions. Rather than being one single condition, a metabolic abnormality is actually a collection of metabolic changes in the body which take place at the same time. Learning about the biology behind metabolic syndrome will help us learn how these metabolic conditions are related to our lifestyle, hormone activity and the functioning processes within our bodies and can affect overall health.