Pathology Services
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IMMUNOLOGY/SEROLOGY​​
BIOCHEMISTRY
HISTOPATHOLOGY/CYTOLOGY
HEMATOLOGY
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
MICROBIOLOGY
Preparation for sample collection
BLOOD TESTSÂ —————————————————————Â Â Â Â PREPARATION NEEDED
FBS (Fasting Blood Sugar)Â ———————————————-Â Â Â Overnight fasting.
PPBS (Post Prandial Blood Sugar)Â ———————————–Â Â Â 1 hr 30 min TO 2 hours after finishing meals.
CBC(COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT ) WITH ESR ———————-Â Â Â No preparation neededÂ
LIPID PROFILEÂ —————————————————————Â 10 to 12 hours fasting and no alcohol consumption on the evening prior to test
THYROID FUNCTION TEST ———————————————–Â Â Â No preparation neededÂ
LIVER FUNCTION TESTÂ —————————————————Â Â Â No preparation neededÂ
KIDNEY FUNCTION TEST ————————————————-Â Â Â No preparation neededÂ
URIC ACIDÂ Â Â —————————————————————-Â Â Â Â Fasting 6 to 8 hrsÂ
DRUG ASSAY —————————————————————–Â Â Â Patient to come after at least 8 hours of taking the medicine.
Serum Iron Studies Iron/TIBC ——————————————Â Â Fasting 6 to 8 hrsÂ
Cortisol                      Morning samples are collected at 8 am and evening samples are collected at 4 pm.
Prolactin                     No Preparation needed; however, the sample should be collected 3 to 4 hours after waking.
PREPARATION FOR ORAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST(OGTT):Â
FOR ADULTS (MALES & NON PREGNANT FEMALES)
- OVERNIGHT FASTING
- Patient should be on normal carbohydrate diet and avoid heavy exercise 3 days prior to the test.
PROCEDURE
- Â Collectioon of fasting sample
- After the fasting sample is collected the patient is given 75 gm of glucose dissolved in 150-200 ml of water . Blood and urine samples are collected after intervals of 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min of glucose intake. Patient should be on normal carbohydrate diet and avoid heavy exercise 3 days prior to the test.
FOR PREGNANT FEMALES GTT (AS REQUESTED BY THE CLINICIAN)
- ONE STEP GTT: With 75 gm of glucose and samples during fasting and after 1hr and 2hrs of glucose intake.Â
- DIPSI – INDIAN GUIDELINES With 75 gm of glucose and samples during fasting and after 2hrs of glucose intake.Â
- With 100 gm of glucose and samples during fasting and after 1hr, 2hrs and 3 hrs of glucose intake.
PREPARATION FOR GLUCOSE CHALLENGE TEST
- NO FASTING REQUIRED , can be done at anyb time of the day irrespective of the last meal.. 50 gm of glucose dissolved in 150-200 ml of water is given to the patient to drink within 5-7 minutes. Blood sample is collected 1 hr after glucose intake.
MICROBIOLOGY
ROUTINE URINE EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE
Routine urine examination includes looking for presence glucose, proteins, ketones, nitrites, bilirubin , pus cells and bacteria which could be an indication of certain diseases like diabetes mellitus, jaundice, infection etc .
URINE COLLECTION TECHNIQUE FOR MALES AND FEMALES
This is the easiest method for the patient. First the genital area should be cleaned with soap and water, followed by wiping with swab.To begin with initial urine to be passed in toilet and without stopping the urine flow collect the sample (Minimum 5ml) in the container called as midstream urine sample . Make sure that urine stream does not touch the fingers. Cap tightly and avoid touching inside the container .Submit the container to the lab as soon as possible or within two hours of collection.
URINE COLLECTION TECHNIQUES FOR CHILDREN
A mid stream sample is collected in a similar fashion as in case of adults. In case of infants genital & private area is cleaned and child is encouraged to drink oral fluids and subsequently urine sample is collected by the parents.
THROAT SWAB
Avoid eating and drinking 1 hour before the sample collection. The patient is asked to protrude the tongue and elevate the uvula. A tongue depressor is used to collect samples from children. The swab is rubbed with a sterile cotton swab with rotation over one tonsillar area, then the arch of the soft palate and uvula, the other tonsillar area and finally the posterior pharynx. The swab should be replaced in its tube.
THROAT SWAB
Avoid eating and drinking 1 hour before the sample collection. The patient is asked to protrude the tongue and elevate the uvula. A tongue depressor is used to collect samples from children. The swab is rubbed with a sterile cotton swab with rotation over one tonsillar area, then the arch of the soft palate and uvula, the other tonsillar area and finally the posterior pharynx. The swab should be replaced in its tube.
PUS OR EXUDATE
This should be submitted in a sterile screw-capped bottle. Swabs should be loaded well with the material. Two swabs should preferably be collected, one for microscopy and the other for culture.
CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
URINE FOR PREGNANCY TEST- First morning sample is preferred.
STOOL FOR OCCULT BLOOD – Should avoid Non vegetarian diet, hard tooth brushing and ingestion of asprin like drugs for atleast three days prior to the test. Sample should be brought to the lab at the earliest.
SEMEN ANALYSIS-Patient to abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 3 days. It is collected by masturbation in a clean wide mouth screw capped container.
URINE FOR MICROALBUMINURIA- No preparation needed, random urine sample can be collected.
FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION
URINE FOR PREGNANCY TEST- First morning sample is preferred. STOOL FOR OCCULT BLOOD – Should avoid Non vegetarian diet, hard tooth brushing and ingestion of asprin like drugs for atleast three days prior to the test. Sample should be brought to the lab at the earliest. SEMEN ANALYSIS-Patient to abstain from sexual intercourse for at least 3 days. It is collected by masturbation in a clean wide mouth screw capped container. URINE FOR MICROALBUMINURIA- No preparation needed, random urine sample can be collected.
LBC(LIQUID BASED CYTOLOGY )
Collection : Sample to be collected in gynaecologist office or at our centre . After a speculum examination ,exfoliated cells in cervix is collected using a small brush .The brush head is then put in a cylinder with liquid fixative and processed in the lab. At the laboratory the liquid is treated to remove other elements such as mucus before a layer of cells is placed on a slide. The technique allows more accurate results.